Why are women unable to become Buddhas?

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Translation and text taken from TPR with full epitaka extension

Root Text

uparipaṇṇāsapāḷi

‘‘‘aṭṭhānametaṃ anavakāso yaṃ itthī arahaṃ assa sammāsambuddho, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’ti pajānāti; ‘ṭhānañca kho etaṃ vijjati yaṃ puriso arahaṃ assa sammāsambuddho, ṭhānametaṃ vijjatī’ti pajānāti.’’

‘‘He understands: ‘It is impossible, it cannot happen, that a woman would be an Arahant, a Sammāsambuddha; this is not possible.’ He understands: ‘But it is possible that a man would be an Arahant, a Sammāsambuddha; this is possible.’’’

Commentary:

uparipaṇṇāsa-aṭṭhakathā

130. yaṃ itthī assa arahaṃ sammāsambuddhoti ettha tiṭṭhatu tāva sabbaññuguṇe nibbattetvā lokuttāraṇasamattho buddhabhāvo, paṇidhānamattampi itthiyā na sampajjati.

  1. Regarding that a woman might be an Arahant, a Perfectly Enlightened One (yaṃ itthī assa arahaṃ sammāsambuddho), let alone the state of Buddhahood, which is capable of generating omniscient qualities and leading beings beyond the world, even the mere aspiration (paṇidhāna) is not fulfilled by a woman.

manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ;

Human existence, perfection of gender, presence of causes, sight of a Teacher;

pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā;

Going forth, perfection of qualities, strong resolve, and desire;

aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhatīti.(bu. vaṃ. 2.59) –

When these eight conditions are met, the aspiration is fulfilled.

imāni hi paṇidhānasampattikāraṇāni.

For these are the conditions for the fulfillment of aspiration.

iti paṇidhānampi sampādetuṃ asamatthāya itthiyā kuto buddhabhāvoti ‘‘aṭṭhānametaṃ anavakāso yaṃ itthī assa arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti vuttaṃ.

Thus, for a woman unable to even fulfill the aspiration, how could there be Buddhahood? Therefore, it is said: “It is impossible, there is no opportunity, for a woman to be an Arahant, a Perfectly Enlightened One.”

sabbākāraparipūro ca puññussayo sabbākāraparipūrameva attabhāvaṃ nibbattetīti purisova arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho.

And an accumulation of merit perfect in all respects produces an existence perfect in all respects, so it is only a man who becomes an Arahant, a Perfectly Enlightened One.

Prediction Requirements

I have heard that as soon as the prediction has been made, they will always be male.
Here is the quote from Buddhavamsa

Buddhavaṃsapāḷi

manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ;

Human existence, attainment of the right gender, a cause, seeing the Teacher,

pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā;

Going forth, attainment of virtues, a meritorious act, and resolution;

aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhati.

Through the convergence of these eight conditions, the aspiration succeeds.

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