# Are the ultimate realities (paramattha dhammas) purely subjective? Or, if they exist, and are not simply subjective, why are they regularly said to be purely subjective, or subjective perceptual experiences? Where is it stated otherwise in abhidhamma?

**URL:** <https://classicaltheravada.org/t/are-the-ultimate-realities-paramattha-dhammas-purely-subjective-or-if-they-exist-and-are-not-simply-subjective-why-are-they-regularly-said-to-be-purely-subjective-or-subjective-perceptual-experiences-where-is-it-stated-otherwise-in-abhidhamma/555>\
**Category:** General Theravada topics\
**Created:** [October 31, 2022, 6:51pm UTC](https://classicaltheravada.org/t/are-the-ultimate-realities-paramattha-dhammas-purely-subjective-or-if-they-exist-and-are-not-simply-subjective-why-are-they-regularly-said-to-be-purely-subjective-or-subjective-perceptual-experiences-where-is-it-stated-otherwise-in-abhidhamma/555 "2022-10-31T18:51:47Z")\
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**Author:** ![ekocare](https://classicaltheravada.org/user_avatar/classicaltheravada.org/ekocare/32/1116_2.png) [@ekocare](https://classicaltheravada.org/u/ekocare)\
**Post date:** [November 1, 2022, 10:50pm UTC](https://classicaltheravada.org/t/are-the-ultimate-realities-paramattha-dhammas-purely-subjective-or-if-they-exist-and-are-not-simply-subjective-why-are-they-regularly-said-to-be-purely-subjective-or-subjective-perceptual-experiences-where-is-it-stated-otherwise-in-abhidhamma/555/6 "2022-11-01T22:50:50Z")

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> [@Zans](#):
>
> And I do not see how this is squared with being only able to experience a ghostly hardness that exists without any substance.

Little support:

> [@Where might one find a refutation of Vasubandhu and Yogacara, as devastating as Betty and others papers on Nagarjuna?](https://classicaltheravada.org/t/where-might-one-find-a-refutation-of-vasubandhu-and-yogacara-as-devastating-as-betty-and-others-papers-on-nagarjuna/325/41):
>
> To understand Dhammas, Classical Theravada Texts recommends a way called “lakkhana-rasa-paccupatthana-padatthana”. Using this way, one can understand dhammas properly. Lakkhana/ sabhava = Characteristic/ Nature Rasa = Function ( kicca rasa = function; sampatti rasa = result of function) Paccupatthana/ upathana akara = The way the wisdom understands the dhamma/ The way the dhamma attends to mind Padatthana/ asanna karana = Base/ Immediate cause The dhammas have other capabilities that are no…

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